Critical Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants free essay sample

Mikhail Shimonov Professor Kaufman March 28, 2011 Critical Analysis of Hills like White Elephants right away, Hills like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway, may insinuate numerous understandings, in any case, the short story has a reasonable reason. Set in the Ebro River valley in Spain, the story lingers around the issue delivered by Jig and the American, who is anonymous all through the entire story. The issue here being the ‘simple operation’ that Jig is going to experience which happens to be an abortion.Set in the mid 1920s, the possibility of premature birth is as nonsensical and questionable as today’s progressing banter over gay marriage. In spite of the fact that the term fetus removal is never utilized in the story, the symbolism Hemingway utilizes alongside the language and conduct of the characters gives route for one clarification †Jig is getting a premature birth. Of the numerous images Hemingway utilizes, the topic of fetus removal is obvious in the trinket slopes that have the â€Å"coloring of †¦ skin through the trees† (Hemingway, 1). The white slopes, as portrayed in the setting, matches a pregnant lady lying on her back with the slopes being comparative with the belly. Also, the white shade of the slopes would speak to the immaculateness of the unborn kid the lady bears. Besides, the fields of grain and trees along the stream would speak to the fruitfulness that the lady epitomizes all through the story. Her body being the prolific land on which the white slopes were. The trees along the slopes being the twisting variable of her attitude on proceeding with the premature birth as the American endure all through the story.The longer they talk about it, the more it gets obvious to the peruser that the young lady is getting progressively disturbed with the discussion and how simple the American is making the activity to be. During the discussion of the American and the lady, the man is continually squeezing Jig to recognize that the activity is basic and is just â€Å"to let the air in† (2). These comments play on the topic giving the ramifications of fetus removal and its crude beginnings in the mid 1900s.As the story advances, the woman’s understanding and possible conclusion is influenced to and fro with her contemplations on whether she should concentrate on keeping the American cheerful or keep up a personal responsibility as the American keeps squeezing for the activity. During the story, notwithstanding, the American states to the lady â€Å"if you don’t need to you don’t need to. I wouldn’t have you do it on the off chance that you didn’t need to†, all things considered, he in the end finishes up with â€Å"But I know it’s impeccably simple† (2).The end to his announcement gives the peruser a feeling that the American, albeit overall quite mindful, he is just considering how his life would go to a prompt stop after the infant is conceived. It is obvious from â€Å"the packs against the mass of the station †¦ [with] marks on them from all the lodgings where they had spent nights† that the two of them jumped at the chance to travel, drink, and have a good time †the life of a youthful couple (3). Be that as it may, it is clarifies sense regarding why the American would need to push for the fetus removal presently considerably more so realizing that he makes the most of his current lifestyle.This is basically his objective and his rationale in convincing her proceed with the premature birth, and her being guileless and oversimplified, she would be influenced simple by his words, insofar as â€Å"he is happy† as she states incalculably all through their discussion (2). As expressed in the start of the story, he has just yielded much for her: the steady uneasiness with having the youngster, and his objective to appreciate a beverage of absinthe, which probably has an aftertaste like licorice (1-3). Towards the finish of the story, her alternatives start to limited to just two: either have the premature birth or live with the child.This is foreshadowed consummately in the start of the short story with the station being â€Å"between two lines of rails in the sun† â € one coordinating towards labor, while the other track controlling to prematurely end (1). Faced with two decisions with a man pushing for you to take one over the different takes into account a climactic consummation †one that isn't uncovered. Therefore, one can likewise say that she was inclining in the Americans cause for she was drinking liquor †a known subsidiary of an undesirable youngster †a kid looking like the â€Å"shadow of a cloud moving over the field of grain† (2). At last, Hills like White Elephants has exceptionally clear depictions alluding to whether the story is about fetus removal or not. From the different ramifications regarding the reality of their concern to how the images gave in the story all identify with virtue and ripeness. In view of Jig’s hard choice to pick, one can perceive how the character of Jig can be pregnant and really influenced by the activity that is professed to be basic by the American.The American, pushing her since he has an impetus †his previous lifestyle, wouldn't like to change the state of mind of his life. The drinking, the voyaging, the touring †all gone in the event that she decides to remain with the kid. In spite of the fact that the term fetus removal is rarely expressed, Hemingway could have decided to overlook the word to make a more grounded story, expanding threatening vibe among perusers. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. Slopes Like White Elephants. Scribd. Web. 28 Mar. 2011. http://www. scribd. com/doc/94569/Hills-Like-White-Elephants.

Managing and evaluating informal education Essay

Overseeing and assessing casual instruction - Essay Example Authoritative culture has no solid definition; various specialists have characterized in different structures with the goal that vagueness of the word is cleared to a limited degree. As indicated by Denison (1990) and Celand (1994), refered to by Nayak et al. (2011), authoritative culture can be characterized as â€Å"an condition of association which is comprised of convictions, rehearses, customs, information and conventionalised conduct of a particular social group†. As it were, a few analysts have related various terms with the word ‘culture’, for example, shared implications of images, customs, convictions, and legends that advance with the progression of time and diminish changeability in human instinct and control while molding employees’ conduct inside the association. Since individuals are important resources of associations, they are the ones who maintain the business exercises of associations as groups; culture helps in giving them a significance, shared vision alongside set of rules, standards and norms as indicated by which they need to carry on in the separate association. There are three levels in authoritative culture as recognized by Nayak et al. (2011) for example curios of culture that can be watched, trailed by shared qualities and afterward regular suppositions. At the point when levels are considered as layers, at that point when the level is more profound, it gets hard to analyze and break down hierarchical culture by going at that level. Lund (2003) has expressed that authoritative culture in an association is characterized by the common convictions, qualities, recognitions or customs that are held and followed by representatives inside that specific association or its unit. Since hierarchical culture is an impression of conduct standards, convictions and qualities that are being utilized by organisation’s representatives, they offer implications to the circumstances when they experience it and these culture attributes

December and January Holiday Office Hours COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

December and January Holiday Office Hours COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The next two weeks the University and SIPA will be recognizing a number of holidays.   Below is important information regarding our office hours.   We are keeping very busy as the January 5th deadline approaches but if you contact us on any of the following dates you can expect a short delay due to office closures. Thursday, December 23:   Office will close at 1:00 PM Friday, December 24:   Office closed for the day Monday, December 27:   Office closed for the day Thursday, December 30:   Office will close at 1:00 PM Friday, December 31:   Office closed for the day Monday, January 3:   Office closed for the day

Benthams Theory of Happiness - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 994 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/22 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Happiness Essay Did you like this example? Human Nature and Nature has somewhat of a common goal and that goal is to find Happiness or to be Happy. Many may have differences when it comes to values that may contribute towards their happiness, meaning that not everyone has the same preference when it comes to that one thing or set of things that allow them to feel at peace and complete. Bentham gave a thought process on how one should really incorporate certain actions within their daily routines. Basically, he is stating that if you can feel, you can prevent and cure. THEORY OF VALUE The Theory of Value touches on different topics such as pain and pleasure, good and bad, Utility, and how should the value of something be measured. These topics revert to the main one which is Utility. By utility is meant that property in any object Bentham 1.3(2). Bentham is basically saying in the above quote that whatever you value the most should bring continuous happiness whether it is a person, place or thing. He then goes on to say the principle of utility. the tendency has to augment the happiness. greater than diminish it. Bentham 1.6 (3). Therefore, utility allows a person to make the correct decisions based on certain situations. The value of said utility can allow an individual to move accordingly. If the good outweighs the bad or the bad outweighs the good, a person will know to whom or what to give all of their attention to. This theory may also be looked at from the perspective of if the subject can feel pain or the question that Bentham asked Can they suffer? Bentha m 17.4 note (310). Bentham believed that once an object can show emotions, they should add a great value and be of priority. They should be protected from anything that may cause harm or pain. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Benthams Theory of Happiness" essay for you Create order THEORY OF HUMAN NATURE Human Nature has people with different mindsets. According to Bentham, Human Nature is governed by pain and pleasure Bentham 1.1 (1-2). For Bentham, this is the base for all forms of decision making. He thought that everyone deserved to be secured from pain since it is seen as being evil. The business of government is to promote happiness.by punishing and rewarding Bentham 7.1(70). This shows that it is the duty of the government to protect its people and allow them to have happiness in the process. It can also go for everyone else other than just the government. When living in a community once someone has caused another pain without any form of sympathy, it should not go unpunished. Bentham brought light to this by using slaves as an example. He stated that no one has any rights of owning things that have any way of showing feelings. Bentham stresses the fact that we all have a duty to not cause harm or do evil. Human Nature is supposed to be sensible beings and should know how to treat not just only self but also those around us. Human Nature on a whole is subjected to moral duties, and together with those duties, there should be some form of sympathy shown towards each other. There should not be any kind of bias when it comes to showing sympathy. Human Nature is filled with sensitive individuals from human beings to animals, therefore, sympathy is a part of said duties. HOW OUGHT I TO ACT? Overall, Human Nature as stated above has a moral duty when it comes to how others should be treated. Bentham gave a small outline of what it should be. The three parts to said duty are as follows, Probity, Prudence, and Beneficence. The way that these words were placed according to the context, Probity means to not cause pain or harm to others. Prudence means that one has a duty to avoid causing pain to ones self. Beneficence means that one should be able to assist someone or to prevent pain from happening to others. He then continues on to give reasons under Beneficence. The first is to refrain or stay away from any harm, the second is to make an attempt to prevent the harm; one will choose to or choose not to carry out such an action if it is within your power to prevent it, and if it is too much of a ?sacrifice. With these in place, it gives a person some assistance in the choices that should be made. Bentham added that EthicsBentham 17.2-17.9 (310-314), plays a big part in the way situations are being handled. It is the way an activity is carried out towards the fulfillment of happiness. If something is going on one cannot just stand there and allow it to happen. Bentham gave different scenarios in Chapter 17 note (pg 323), A womans head-dress catches fire: water is at hand:a man looks on and laughs at it. What is being said is that if one can give any form of assistance to anyone who is in harms way, they should do it. This goes back to where he speaks about having sympathy and the moral duty of Human Nature. If the man assisted the woman with putting out the fire, he would be helping prevent any harm being done to her. The man would be performing the moral duty which is Beneficence. To sum it up, How ought I to act?, can be taken from the above theories. All these theories have a part to play in the main part of how every one should be treated. It should not matter whether one is in the government or in a lower class than others, all should be treated as an equal because of the fact that they can suffer. Utility, since having something of value is part of Human Nature, the moral duty will fall into place. By not causing harm to others or self, no one would feel pain and will always look forward to enjoying the pleasures of the things they value the most.

Poverty Between Poverty And Poverty - 1322 Words

Poverty has been a prevalent issue that has plagued the world’s economy for years, fortunately, global poverty rates seem to be declining . In order to understand why this decline is occurring, one must first understand levels of poverty. In an article published by The Economist they claims that there are different levels of poverty, they use extreme poverty (absolute poverty), and relative poverty as the two definitions . Extreme poverty refers to the world banks â€Å"poverty line†. In 2011 the â€Å"World Bank updated its international poverty line to USD $1.90 a day† . This means that any person living on less than USD $1.90 a day is considered to be living in extreme poverty, generally, individuals who live in the third world be more†¦show more content†¦The decline in global poverty rates can be attributed to economic factors such as, globalization, which refers to increase in trade and financial integration of the world economy (cite, Ayhan Kose) , and education and its effects on the economy. Firstly, one huge byproduct of globalization is a process called outsourcing. Christian Caron, a Sociology professor at the University of Toronto defines outsourcing as the process in which large corporations send production and services to firms in less developed countries . This creates jobs in less developed countries, thus boosting their economy, while the corporations end up paying fewer taxes in the more developed countries. Outsourcing has become a very common practice in the first world, and in trade, creating a larger demand for jobs in the third world, ultimately, boosting the economy of all countries involved Education is a top priority for many countries. The higher the literacy rates in a particular country, the more specialized jobs there will be for the population, in trade this has a positive effect on the overall GDP of the state. The key relationship of GDP and literacy rates is shown through specialized jobs, specialized jobs create more work, and creates a diversity in job opportunities for a society (not just manual labor jobs) (cite). Although many third world countries often lack schooling and education, there have been efforts byShow MoreRelatedPoverty Between Poverty And Poverty1875 Words   |  8 PagesPoverty eradication has become one of the main goals within the last few decades as shown through the recently expired Millennium Development Goals and the subsequent Sustainable Development Goals. Poverty, in turn, is influential as high poverty causes worse health outcomes within a country. Poverty severely affects several aspects of quality of life, such as health, happi ness. This makes it important to evaluate the quality of life within a country. Poverty and Inequality have been linked togetherRead MorePoverty Between Poverty And Poverty Essay2121 Words   |  9 PagesPoverty in America is severe. One third of our population lives under the poverty line. The poverty line being a family of three or more surviving on $36,000 or less. This transfers to 20.5 million people. Seven million of these people being women with children. 6.7% of our population has an income less than 9,000 for a family of three. These numbers are astounding and they are only on the rise. This means that more families are going without food. This means more children are starving and gettingRead MorePoverty Between Poverty And Poverty1501 Words   |  7 PagesIndividuals in poverty face their own problems and cope with them in their own way. People in poverty may face problems with their health and well-being (Fauth, Leventhal, and Brooks-Gunn 250). They may not be able to afford medical care, and the environments of poverty could contribute to poor health or injury. Also, poverty leads to a lack of resources which causes a lack in development (Broosky, O’Campo, and Aronson 660). Without the same resources as others, people may not be as well off. TheyRead MorePoverty Between Poverty And Poverty831 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty line is a level of personal or family income below which one is classified as poor according to governmental standards. Generally, a person who falls below this line is without any basic needs like food, shelter, clothing etc. Every government strives to reduce the number of poor people in the country. The poverty line should be defined in such a way that no needy person is left out. Around the world, in rich or poor nations, poverty has always been present. It’s a very important tool inRead MoreInequality Between Poverty And Poverty1139 Words   |  5 Pageslast two decades in ending the terms of inequalities an d poverty. Many countries are determined to improve their economy, and become fully developed just like the United States. In my home country, Kuwait, poverty do not exist, however, inequalities do. Some of the countries that have done well in the recent past include China, India, Brazil, and South Korea. However, poverty and inequalities are still being realized in the wealthy nation. Poverty and inequalities in the society are the two main factorsRead MorePoverty Between Poverty And Middle Class1454 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty is visible anywhere and it happens everywhere, from the richest nations to the poorest. From the youth to the elderly, poverty can dramatically affect anyone. Some grow up in poverty, while others end up in it. Poverty has increased drastically over the years. The blame for the increased poverty has become an extremely controversial subject, as there are many contributing factors to spite each side. It is evident that it is the people in poverty themselves that is the underlying cause ofRead MoreThe Achievement Gap Between Poverty And Poverty1654 Words   |  7 PagesFifty years after the declaration of war on poverty, an increasing number of children still grow up in poverty in this country. Poverty is now more determinative than race as a predictor of student educational success (Reardon, 2013). The achievement gap between the poor and the more economically advantaged child has actually widened over the last three decades (Reardon, 2013). If we are to provide all children with equal and excellent educational opportunities, it is imperative that we utilize theRead MoreThe Link Between Poverty and Crime1654 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Many people living in poverty do not want to be living in poverty. In order to obtain a higher level of socioeconomic status, crime is seen as the only option.† (Wilson, 1987). Crime exists everywhere in the world – in rural and urban areas in many countries, in the East and West, and among all types of people. This has led many government officials, especially those in urban areas, to focus largely on the reduction of crime among their respective constituencies and has led others to speculateRead MoreThe Relationship between Poverty and Crime879 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Poverty and the relationship it has to crime is a long standing sociological, humanists and historical phenomenon. From the plight of the third world to the violence soaked inner city streets of the 1980’s, the relationship of crime and poverty has been the source of a great deal of social commentary. In societies throughout the world and throughout history there has always been a traditional measure of deviance through relative income gaps. Both poverty and crime as well as theirRead MoreRelationship Between Poverty And Crime Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesThe relationship between poverty and crime will be examined in this literature review. The topic is interesting because there is a relationship between poverty and crime. Society uses a system that separates people by social class. Social class is determined by the total amount of income and wealth that a person has. According to Segal, Gerdes, and Steiner (2013), a person’s living expenses and needs are not met du e to the lack of proper wages would be considered living in poverty; the year 2009 a

Marketing on the marketing research department Free Essays

It is to be recalled that at the meeting of the Board of Directors of Company X held on 30 June, 2006, approval was given for the establishment of a Marketing Research Department. This decision was finally taken after several presentations were made to the Board to that effect.   The newly created department was charged with the following responsibilities: a. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing on the marketing research department or any similar topic only for you Order Now Determine how various customer groups are reacting to present marketing mixes of company X b.Evaluate the effectiveness of operational marketing mixes c.Create new marketing mixes for new customer markets d.Assess changes in the external environment and the effect they would have on product and service strategy e.Identify new market   (a to e are after McDaniel and Gates, 1999) f.Assess present relationships with external marketing agencies with the view to making them stronger. This report presents the current and potential problems confronting our organization from the perspective of marketing and how the newly created department intends to solve them. It also considers new opportunities that have been thrown up since the creation of the department and how it intends to take advantage of them. The marketing department also plans to recruit additional staff. The new staff shall be given an orientation to enable better cope with our style of working. Details of the marketing research process have been given in Appendix 1. IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS As with most start-up departments, the newly created marketing research department has no past records to guide its work. The only available records are those from our relationships with external marketing agencies. They cover mostly farmed out work from our organization. As a baby trying to walk, we anticipate to encounter difficulties but shall learn as we crawl forward. The department is seriously understaffed, so additional staff must be recruited to enable it discharge its assigned responsibilities. The new staff members would be given an orientation to enable them cope with our unique style of working. The department would also have to put in place expanded information systems to cope with the additional responsibilities assigned to it. Such systems would enable us handle the data that we collect and analyze effortlessly. There is also the need to put up in-house facilities for focus-group work and telephony research. IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIES It is estimated that about over One billion people use the internet worldwide (Business week, 2005). Available reports indicate that this figure shall increase in future. This is a big opportunity for our company, if we can identify our customers and offer them tailor-made goods and services. Some of the market segments of our company are presently underserved. There is the need to accurately identify them and map out strategies to fully serve them. New markets have also opened up in other countries and regions that we must adequately research and go after. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS We shall have to develop discussion guide book for our focus group work and also a manual on the research process orientation. Five additional staff shall be recruited for our in-house research work. Of the staff employed two with a background information technology and electronic business or commerce shall be needed for our web-based businesses. Materials shall also be procured for our in-house focus group work. New Information systems shall be purchased to seamlessly weave data output from the different departments with that of marketing research. From our customer research studies, we shall be better placed to take advantage of the opportunities that have risen up online.   It is our goal to match the enormous opportunity online with the strength of our new staff members, with the background in electronic business or commerce.   The business and marketing plans shall provide details on how new emerging markets shall be entered into and existing ones developed. The plans shall also outline ways and means of forging solid relationships with marketing agencies and other stakeholders. Conclusion It is our wish that if these measures are implemented, we shall not only see a vibrant marketing research department but also the kind that contributes enormously to our company’s bottom line results. Appendix 1 THE MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS McDaniel and Gates (1999) have outlined an eight stage procedure for conducting marketing. These are: a.Problem or opportunity identification and formulation b.Creation of research design c.Selection of research methodology d.Selection of sampling procedure e.Collection of data f.Analysis of data g.Preparation and writing of report h.Follow up a.Problem or opportunity identification During this stage attempt is made to identify the problem at stake or the opportunity to be taken advantage of. Attempt is also made to grasp the scope of the problem and also the opportunity. The information needed in solving the problem and the way and manner it should be obtained is also determined.   After having grasped the scope of the problem or opportunity, the research objectives are outlined. It must be stressed that it is essential for the problem under investigation to be thoroughly understood as the other subsequent stages rest on this stage. b.Creation of research design At this stage, the researcher devises a plan or an approach for answering the research question. In doing so, the researcher must opt for an approach that is cost-effective and also provide the highest possible information for decision making. C.Selection of research methodology There are essentially three major methods for carrying out marketing research. These are surveys, observation and experiment. At this stage therefore the research should select one or a combination of them to collect the information needed. d.Selection of sampling procedure A sample is a subset of the population the researcher is interested in. At this stage therefore, the researcher decides on which members of the target population should be used for the research†¦ The researcher must determine whether he would give each and every member of the target population equal opportunity to participate in the research or only a select few shall be used. e.Collection of data This stage entails the collection of the information that the researcher is interested in.   This can be interviewing, survey questionnaire, and observation. The researcher can decide to collect the information himself or ask other persons to do so on his behalf. f.Analysis of data The data collected is analyzed at this stage to give meaning to it. From the analysis, it makes it possible for the researcher to interpret the results and offer recommendations and conclusion g.Preparation and writing of report. The analyzed and interpreted data must be communicated to the desired audience in a report. Since the objective of this stage   is to give understanding to what the researcher has found, the report was be tailored to needs of the audience. h.Follow-up At this stage, the researcher seeks to find out whether the results and recommendations made in a report have been used and also what has been the outcome of it AReferences 1.Businessweek (2005). The Future of Tech, Businessweek ,20th June edition. McDaniel, C. and Gates, R. (1999). Contemporary Marketing Research, South-Western College Pub How to cite Marketing on the marketing research department, Essays

Multi-Narrative Essay Example

Multi-Narrative Essay How Collins portrays Victorian attitudes will also be examined in this essay. Not much Is revealed about MISS. Clack In any of the narratives apart from hers. Collins gives her a voice for a specific reason. Through her he can criticism the other characters without criticizing them directly and this gives more depth to the novel. In Footbridges first narrative we learn very little about Miss. Clack but his narrative introduces us to the character of Miss. Clack. As we know very little about her it creates a sense of suspense, as she becomes another part of the puzzle of who stole he Diamond. In her narrative we get an Insight to what Miss. Clack Is really like. She Is shown to have a curious nature, as she says, l waited for a minute or two, more than a minute or two. This is said when Miss. Clack is considering who had entered the house. Because of her curiosity and suspicion, the reader Is also curious and suspicious. What Miss. Clack discovered was Geodesys proposal to Rachel. If Collins had not set the style as a multi-narrative structure then this important piece of information would not have been revealed to us. No other character Is as curious as Goodbye than Clack, so she Is the only one who found out about his proposal. We will write a custom essay sample on Multi-Narrative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Multi-Narrative specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Multi-Narrative specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She also keeps enquiring throughout the narrative about the secret which Rachel and Mr.. Brief hold. This makes the reader suspicious as to what information is being withheld from Clack. We also find out more about Victorian attitudes due to the multi-narrative structure, as each character has their own views on events, and the reader can see how different classes treat the same events. MISS. Clack Is born of a higher class, and this Is shown by her arrogance and It can be seen that she Is also stuck In her class spite the poorer circumstances at the point when she is writing. She wants to be accepted by the upper classes and does not want to be downgraded. She moves to a little town and her excuse for this is for economys sake. People in Victorian times saw class as an important matter, and they would strive to be in the best circles they could possibly be in. This Is why Clack Justifies her move, as she does not want people to tank seen NAS move Tort toner reasons, sun as a lack AT money . Nils snows she is prepared to Justify and maybe change details to Justify events or actions. Clack is also very religious as she reinforces her statements with religious words. My sacred regard for truth is This suggests she is very religiously minded, as were most Victorians of that day and age, who thought there main aim should be getting to heaven. She is strictly religious, and her strictness is also portrayed in her narrative. She had a strict routine and liked to keep things ordered, and not vary them. In the same order, same place, even the same chair. This sho ws Clack has a very disciplined way of doing things, meaning her account is useful for giving us the right vents in the right order. Sergeant Cuffs narrative is set out in Just the way the reader would expect a detective to write. He gives his opinions and thoughts about the theft of the Diamond along with an explanation of why he believes what he believes what he believes. He backs up his explanation with evidence. He believed Goodbye was killed by being smothered with a pillow from his bed, as he was found with the pillow of the bed over his face. Although this seems trivial it is an underlying principle of his personality. He feels the need to explain every event that happened and not Just state what happened. This is what makes the reader believe Sergeant Cuff must be right as he explains his views, unlike some of the characters. Cuffs intellectualism is also shown in his narrative along with his Just views, which makes the reader inclined to trust his Judgment. Sergeant Cuffs narrative is important as it shows how Collins has made him very inquisitive. He says l shall endeavourer showing he is interested in finding out more. It is this inquisitiveness that sets off a widespread detective-fever amongst the other characters, victims and suspects alike. This fever spreads from Franklin Blake, to Gabriel Bettered, to Matthew Brief, to Mr.. Marguerite, to the three Indians and widens the net of suspicion, the opposite of what is trying to be achieved. Cuff makes many predictions as to what has happened, although not all of them have solid evidence. When writing about who committed the murder, he puts, There is here moral if not legal evidence that the murder was committed by the Indians. As it is not legal evidence, the reader is not totally sure if it was the Indians who committed the crime, and this brings a sense of suspense, as the crime may have been committed y someone other than the Indians. Here Collins is trying to show equality and there should not be a prejudice against the Indians. Just because they are different it doesnt make them inferior and have different morals, meaning they are prepared to steal. The sense of suspense is maintained throughout the novel due to the multi-narrative structure. Where one narrative ends and the sense of mystery seems to have settled down a new narrative begins and a new sense of mystery is brought about. Using character who hadnt played a role in the previous narrative, suspense is kept throughout the novel. A new perspective on the mystery is given in each narrative Ana Day ten time ten reader NAS Decode accustomed to one perspective, ten next perspective begins and constant suspense is achieved throughout the novel. Ezra Jennings narrative is set out differently from the rest as it is comprised of extracts from his Journal. This means that everything he writes in there he believes to be the truth. Because of the multi-narrative structure some of the narratives could have an altered version of the truth and might not give an accurate view of the occurring events, leading the reader astray. Jennings has an outsider role in the evolve as he is the doctors assistant and because he is associated with medicine he is not popular, as the Victorians were suspicious of the medical profession. Collins tries to show everybody should be accepted throughout the play and this is finalized with the outsider character being the one to solve the mystery. This is also shown as Roseanne, one of the maids, is an outsider but she plays a large role in the novel and Collins also tries to create sympathy for her. Jennings was the character who was mainly responsible for solving the mystery of the Diamond through scientific nature, which can be compared to forensic evidence. The Moonstone was the first novel to explore forensic science and it showed how at this point of the Victorian era, they were advancing in the new science of criminology. Collins purposely makes the detective expert (Sergeant Cuff fail in solving the mystery while the scientific man (Ezra Jennings) succeeds. This shows Collins could have been making the point that the Victorians were now starting to put more and more faith into science, although they still were suspicious about it. Bettered says Jennings has a medical enterprise. This proves that he is a scientific man and the other characters can see that. Jennings also accepts he is a scientific man, showing it is proud to be so in the eyes of the Victorians. He says Science sanctions my proposal, fanciful as it may seem. Jennings is the one who introduces the idea of the opium causing Franklin Blake to act to take the Diamond. He explains that Franklin was not in his right mind when he took it, and was in a state of sleep-walking. Because Flakes mind was on the Diamond when he went to sleep the opium made him concentrate on this when it took effect. However because people were suspicious at the time of medical practice Jennings did not voice his opinion straight away. Jennings is introduced as a mystery to us, and all we know is that he is Dry. Candys assistant. This creates suspense as he has been mentioned in the other narratives as well but the reader is still suspicious of him as they know little about him. Gradually Collins presents more of him, and the reader finds out Jennings is part English and part Indian. Jennings holds a mysterious place at the heart of both worlds, Just like he is at the heart of the novel. His experiment on Franklin Blake reveals the suspicion the English had against the three Indians should be returned upon them, as in the end it is one of their own, Goodbye Blithest, who played the major role in the crime. I believe using multiple voices had the desired effect that Collins wanted it to. It created suspense throughout the novel and a feeling that nothing was definitive and anything could change to alter the path of the novel. This technique especially works in a detective novel as details are crucial and if these details are mixed, which is done using multiple voices then a lot of suspense and uncertainness is caused.